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Laser Crystal
Nd:YVO 4
Yttrium vanadate has been growing in popularity because of its high gain, low threshold, and high absorption coefficients at pumping wavelengths, which result from the excellent fit of the neodymium dopant in the crystal lattice. These advantages make Nd:YVO 4 is a better choice than Nd:YAG for low-power devices such as hand-held pointers, and others compact lasers.
With advanced technology on growing and manufacturing high optical quality Nd:YVO 4 crystals, Dayoptics can provide a wide variety of finished crystals, our general Nd:YVO 4 production capabilities include:
1)Nd dopant concentration: 0.2 ~ 3 atm%
Dopant tolerance: within 10% of concentration
2)Length: 0.02 ~ 20mm
Length: 0.02 ~ 20mm
Coating Specification:
- AR @ 1064nm, R < 0.1% & HT @ 808nm, T > 95%
- HR @ 1064nm, R > 99.8% & HT@ 808nm, T > 9%
- HR @ 1064nm, R > 99.8%, HR @ 532 nm, R > 99% & HT @ 808 nm, T > 95%
- AR @ 1064 nm, R < 0.1%
| Typical specification and tolerance: | |
|---|---|
| Orientation | a-cut crystalline direction (+/-0.5°C) |
| Dimensional tolerance | +/-0.1mm(typical), High precision +/-0.005mm can be available upon request. |
| Wavefront Distortion | < λ/8 at 633nm |
| Surface quality | better than 20/10 Scratch/Dig per MIL-O-1380A |
| Parallelism | < 10 arc seconds |
| Perpendicularity | < 5 arc minutes |
| Surface flatness | < λ/10 at 632.8nm |
| Clear aperture | Central 95% |
| Chamfer | 0.15x45° |
| Damage threshold | over 15J/cm 2 (rods without coating) over 700 MW/cm 2 (coating) |
Notes:
To inquiry or order a finished Nd:YVO 4 laser crystals, please specify the specification listed above, for common application, we only need to know the main specification:
1) Nd-dopant concentration. 2) sizes. 3) surface quality. 4) coating specification.
For special request, please specify specification in details for evaluation and fabrication.
| Physical and Optical properties | |
|---|---|
| Atomic Density | ~1.37x10 20 atoms/cm 2 |
| Crystal Structure | Zircon Tetragonal, space group D4h, a=b=7.12, c=6.29 |
| Density | 4.22 g/cm3 |
| Mohs Hardness | Glass-like, ~5 |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient | aa=4.43x10-6/K, ac=11.37x10-6/K |
| Thermal Conductivity Coefficient | ||C: 5.23 W/m/K; ^C: 5.10 W/m/K |
| Lasing Wavelengths | 914nm, 1064 nm, 1342 nm |
| Crystal Class | positive uniaxial, n o =n a =n b n e =n c n o =1.9573, n e =2.1652, @ 1064nm n o =1.9721, n e =2.1858, @ 808nm n o =2.0210, n e =2.2560, @ 532nm |
| Thermal Optical Coefficient | dn a /dT=8.5x10 -6 /K, dn c /dT=3.0x10 -6 /K |
| Stimulated Emission Cross-Section | 25.0x10 -19 cm 2 , @1064 nm |
| Fluorescent Lifetime | 90 m s (about 50 m s for 2 atm% Nd doped) @ 808 nm |
| Absorption Coefficient | 31.4 cm -1 @ 808 nm |
| Absorption Length | 0.32 mm @ 808 nm |
| Intrinsic Loss | Less 0.1% cm -1 , @1064 nm |
| Gain Bandwidth | 0.96 nm (257 GHz) @ 1064 nm |
| Polarized Laser Emission | p arallel to optic axis (c-axis) |
| Diode Pumped Optical to Optical Efficiency | > 60% |
| Sellmeier Equation (for pure YVO 4 crystals) | n o 2 =3.77834+0.069736/( l 2 - 0.04724) - 0.0108133. l 2 n o 2 =4.59905+0.110534/( l 2 - 0.04813) - 0.0122676. l 2 |
Nd:YVO 4 properties compare with Nd:YAG
| properties | Nd:YAG, 1 atm% Nd | Nd:YVO 4 1 atm% Nd |
|---|---|---|
| Fluorescence lifetime ( t ) | 230 m s | 100 m s |
| Stimulated emission cross section ( s ) | s 21=2.7-8.8x10-19cm-2 | 15.6x10-19cm-2( p -pol) |
| Absorption coefficient | 7.1cm-1 | 31.2 cm-1 |
| La | 1.41mm | 0.32mm |
| Threshold power | 115mw | 78mw |
| Converstion efficiency h s | 38.6% | 48.6% |
| Thermal conductivity coefficient | ||c:14w/m/k ^ c: 10.5w/m/k | ||c:5.23w/m/k ^ c: 5.10w/m/k |
| Highest dopant level | 1.2% | 3% |
| Crystals length for the same output power(<200mw) | ~5mm (1%) | ~0.5mm (3%) ~1mm (1%) |
| Crystals length for the same output power(~2w) | ~50(1%) | 5mm(0.5%) |